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| Family Process Heft 3/2003 |
| 1/2003 - 2/2003 - 3/2003 - 4/2003 - Überblick Cassandra Notes on the State of the Family Research and Practice Union. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 323-329 Guilfoyle, Michael (2003): Dialogue and Power: A Critical Analysis of Power in Dialogical Therapy. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 331-343 abstract: This article explores the relationship between dialogue and power in the practice of dialogue-oriented, "not-knowing" forms of therapy. It is argued that power of a dynamic and reversible kind infuses much ordinary social dialogue, and that the joint processes of power and resistance work together to render an interaction dialogical. In contrast, in dialogical therapy, overt exercises of power threaten the interaction's dialogical status, and power is deferred and denied by the therapist through not-knowing practices. A case study of Harlene Anderson's (1997) is used to illustrate that it is precisely power's presence that informs the practices of not-knowing and uncertainty that characterize dialogical therapies. It is suggested that the not-knowing therapist withholds aspects of his or her voice as a condition for dialogicity. Instead, special speaking arrangements are required, in which the therapist's not-knowing is continuously communicated to the client, for the therapeutic, conversation to remain dialogical. Without these speaking arrangements, I argue that therapy moves toward monologue. Therapists inherit powerful speaking positions from the institutional and sociocultural context, and the rejection of power within therapy serves only to conceal this aspect of power, which nevertheless pervades the therapeutic relationship. Finally, it is suggested that power is a "common factor"-shared by all therapies-and that our status as "inheritors" of power needs to be included in our understanding of the therapeutic process. This expanded view of therapy requires the re-theorization of dialogue, such that it includes, rather than excludes, considerations of power. Schoenwald, Sonja K., Colleen A. Halliday-Boykins & Scott W. Henggeler (2003): Client-level Predictors of Adherence to MST in Community Service Settings. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 345-359 abstract: This study examined the association of youth and family characteristics with therapist fidelity to an evidence-based treatment provided in real world practice settings. Participants were 233 families that reported on the 66 therapists organized into 16 teams in nine organizations providing multisystemic therapy (MST). Therapist adherence ratings were lower for youths referred for both criminal offenses and substance abuse than for youths referred either for substance abuse or status offenses, and was negatively associated with pretreatment arrests and school suspensions. Adherence ratings were positively associated with educational disadvantage and caregiver-therapist ethnic match and marginally positively associated with economic disadvantage. The findings suggest directions for future research on the implementation of evidence-based treatments in community settings. Conoley, Collie W., James M. Graham, Todd Neu, Marla C. Craig, Amy O'pry, Scott A. Cardin, Daniel F. Brossart & Richard I. Parker (2003): Solution-Focused Family Therapy With Three Aggressive and Oppositional-Acting Children: An N = 1 Empirical Study. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 361-374 abstract: The efficacy of Solution-Focused Family Therapy (SFFT)for helping three families with aggressive and oppositional-acting children (aged 8-9). was examined. The N = 1 multiple-baseline design with three replications used validated measures, a treatment integrity measure. The interventions lasted from four to five sessions. SFFT appeared to be effective with the families at post-treatment and 3-month follow up. Chesla, Catherine A., Lawrence Fisher, Marilyn M.T. Skaff, Catherine L. Gilliss & Richard Kanter (2003): Family Predictors of Disease Management Over One year in Latino and European American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes*. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 375-390 abstract: Family context is thought to influence chronic disease management but few studies have longitudinally examined these relationships. Research on families and chronic illness has focused almost exclusively on European American families. In this prospective study we tested a multidimensional model of family influence on disease management in type 2 diabetes in a bi-ethnic sample of European Americans and Latinos. Specifically, we tested how baseline family characteristics (structure, world view, and emotion management) predicted change in disease management over one year in 104 European American and 57 Latino patients with type 2 diabetes. We found that emotion management predicted change in disease management in both groups of patients as hypothesized while family world view predicted change in both ethnic groups but in the predicted direction only for European Americans Examining family context within ethnic groups is required to elucidate unique cultural patterns. Attending to culturally unique interpretations of constructs and measures is warranted. The import of family emotion management specifically conflict resolution in disease management deserves further study to support clinical intervention development. Examining multiple domains of family life and multidimensional health outcomes strengthens out capacity to develop theory about family contexts and individual health. Savvidou, Ionnia, Vasilis P. Bozikas, Sophia Hatzigeleki & Athanasios Karavatos (2003): Narratives About Their Children by Mothers Hospitalized on a Psychiatric Unit. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 391-402 abstract: The diagnosis of "mental illness" is accompanied by negative implications regarding a person's competence. Self-and other-descriptions about the "patient" are embedded within broader cultural and societal discourses, influencing his/her relationships. The parental role seems to be one of the most sensitive, especially for women. Mothers hospitalized in psychiatric units often have to separate themselves from their children either temporarily, during hospitalization, or permanently, after a loss of custody. However, many studies have shown that mothering remains important for them. We interviewed 20 women, inpatients on a psychiatric unit and mothers of 3.5-18-year-old children, recording their narratives about their children and exploring their thoughts and understanding of the concepts of motherhood and mental illness. We also explored the way in which the mother-child dyad interacted with the family and its social context. Most mothers had a consistent and coherent narrative about their children and they had certain expectations of them. The mother-child bond was strong, even when the children had been removed from their mother's custody. However, mothers were facing great difficulties with their partner and with the broader family context. Also, the social discourses regarding mental illness, (e.g., violence and incapability for mothering), were extremely oppressive for these women. They felt that they were the victims of societal attitudes even before they became pregnant. These findings suggest the importance of listening to the voices of these women; acknowledging their competence in the therapeutic context; involving them with their families, and in legal and social contexts; and in planning supportive programs for them. Seikkula, Jaakko & Mary E. Olson (2003): The Open Dialogue Approach to Acute Psychosis: Its Poetics and Micropolitics. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 403-418 abstract: In Finland, a network-based, language approach to psychiatric care has emerged, called "Open Dialogue." It draws on Bakhtin's dialogical principles (Bakhtin, 1984) and is rooted in a Batesonian tradition. Two levels of analysis, the poetics and the micropolitics, are presented. The poetics include three principles: "tolerance of uncertainly,""dialogism," and "polyphony in social networks." A treatment meeting shows how these poetics operate to generate a therapeutic a therapeutic dialogue. The micropolitics are the larger institutional practices that support this way of working and are part of Finnish Need-Adapted Treatment, Recent research suggests that Open Dialogue has improved outcomes for young people in a variety of acute, severe psychiatric crises, such as psychosis, as compared to treatment as-usual settings. In a nonrandomized, 2-year follow up of first-episode schizophrenia, hospitalization decreased to approximately 19 days; neuroleptic medication was needed in 35% of cases; 82% had no, or only mild psychotic symptoms remaining; and only 23% were on disability allowance. Leon, Kim & Deborah B. Jacobvitz (2003): Relationships Between Adult Attachment Representations and Family Ritual Quality: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 419-432 abstract: Meaningful family rituals have been associated with positive outcomes for families and children. No studies, however, have investigated predictors of family ritual quality, the identification of which would be important for understanding why some families create and enact meaningful family rituals while others lack rituals or have problematic rituals. We propose that adult attachment security may be an important predictor of family ritual quality because family rituals may provide a sense of stability and cohesiveness for the family. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between adult attachment representations and the quality of family rituals, using a prospective, longitudinal design. Prior to the birth of their first child, 125 couples completed the Adult Attachment Interview, and a subsample of 70 mothers and 62 fathers completed the Family Rituals Questionnaire when their first child was 7 years old. Different patterns of relationships between attachment representations and family rituals were found for mothers and fathers. Maternal Insecure Attachment was associated with higher routinization of family rituals. Being in a couple with mixed attachment classifications (e.g., one Secure partner and one Insecure partner) was related to a pattern of low routinization and low meaning for family rituals. The results of this study are interpreted in terms of two patterns of rituals that have been described by clinicians-rigid ritualization and underritualization, and suggestions for working with these ritual patterns in families with Insecure attachment are provided. Greeno, Catherine (2003): Measurement, or How Do We Know What We Know? Topic One: Validity. In: Family Process 42(3), S. 433-435 |
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